A Filipino client has successfully secured an Adjustment of Status (AOS) approval from USCIS, allowing them to transition from a nonimmigrant visa status to that of a lawful permanent resident. This approval demonstrates the successful fulfillment of all eligibility requirements, including continuous residence and good moral character.
Complete walkthrough: filing Adjustment of Status (what to expect)
Adjustment of Status (AOS) lets eligible individuals already in the United States apply for lawful permanent residency without leaving the country. While every case has unique facts, understanding the typical steps, documents that matter, and common pitfalls helps applicants avoid delays. Below is a hands-on guide to set realistic expectations and prepare a complete package.
Realistic timeline
Timelines vary by field office and case complexity, but here is a practical range for straightforward family-based AOS cases:
- Receipt notice: 2–4 weeks after filing.
- Biometrics appointment: 2–6 weeks from filing; attend promptly.
- Interview: Often scheduled 8–16 weeks after filing; some offices take longer.
- Final decision: Frequently within 1–3 months after interview for uncomplicated files.
Documents that most reduce delay
Completeness and internal consistency (names, dates, document numbers) are the best predictors of a smooth process. Include originals or certified copies where required and organized exhibits with a short cover letter. Essential items:
- Form I-485 (signed and filled correctly) and any applicable supplements
- Form I-130 (approved or concurrently filed) for family cases
- Passport biographical pages and admission stamp(s)
- Certified birth and marriage certificates (with certified English translations)
- Form I-693 USCIS medical exam report completed by an authorized civil surgeon
- Evidence of relationship (for family petitions): photos, joint lease, shared financial accounts, affidavits)
How RFEs usually happen — and how to avoid them
Common causes of Requests for Evidence (RFEs) include mismatched spellings/dates across documents, missing translations, incomplete medical forms, and absent certified copies. To reduce RFE risk:
- Use a checklist and label exhibits (Exhibit A, Exhibit B, …)
- Confirm exact name spellings across passport, birth certificate, and forms
- Include certified translations for any non-English document
- Attach a one-page cover letter summarizing the packet contents and highlighting critical documents
Short FAQ
- Can I work while my AOS is pending?
- Yes — if you file Form I-765 (EAD) and receive the card. Many applicants file concurrently to avoid employment gaps.
- Is an interview always required?
- Most family-based AOS applicants will be scheduled for an interview, but USCIS may waive interviews in rare low-risk situations. Do not assume a waiver; be prepared to attend.
- What should I do if I get an RFE?
- Respond quickly and only with the requested documents. Label everything clearly and keep copies. Seek counsel for complex RFEs.